Parameter
| Biomarker | Fecal calprotectin (FC) | Full name | Fecal calprotectin | Molecular Type | Proteins (S100 family calcium-binding proteins) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | Human calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer): C₁₈₄H₂₈₆N₄₈O₅₄S₄ | Molecular Weight | ~24 kDa | Core Functional Dimensions | Monitoring of local inflammation in the gut |
| Disease | Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Intestine | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Stool (ELISA, immunochromatography, quantum dot immunoassay, POCT kit) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | (1) accounting for 60% of the cytoplasmic protein of neutrophils. During intestinal inflammation, neutrophils infiltrate the mucosa and release FC, which directly reflects the degree of mucosal neutrophil infiltration; (2) FC is stable in stool (no change in activity within 7 days at room temperature) and can penetrate the intestinal mucus layer. The level of FC is significantly correlated with the endoscopic inflammation score (Mayo and CDEIS) (r=0.83); 3. Inhibition of FC release can reduce intestinal inflammatory injury and mucosal permeability | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical routine application | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | 1. Cut-off value stratification: FC < 50μg/g ruled out active inflammation, 50-250μg/g suggested mild inflammation, and > 250μg/g confirmed active IBD; 2. Home self-test kits (such as IBDoc) have been approved in the European Union, which can enable patients to monitor at home and reduce the frequency of endoscopy by 30% | ||||