Parameter
| Biomarker | High mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) | Full name | High mobility group protein 1 | Molecular Type | Proteins (nuclear proteins) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | Human HMGB1: C₁₈₀H₂８₄N₅₆O₅₄ | Molecular Weight | ~21.5 kDa | Core Functional Dimensions | Enlarged assessment of tissue damage with inflammation |
| Disease | Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Intestine | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum/intestinal mucosal biopsy (ELISA, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | 1. The necrotic/stressed cells are released into the extracellular space and activate the NF-κB and MAPK pathways by binding TLR4 and RAGE receptors to promote the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α; (2) The levels of Il-1β and Tnf-α in serum and diseased mucosa of active IBD were increased (2.3-fold in UC patients and 2.7-fold in CD patients), which aggravated the destruction of intestinal mucosal barrier and increased intestinal permeability. (3) The level of HMGB1 was positively correlated with IBD disease activity score (CDAI, Mayo) (r=0.79), which could predict the risk of non-response to glucocorticoid therapy | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical Research and Application | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | 1. Glycyrrhizin, an HMGB1 inhibitor, reduced mucosal inflammation score by 50% and promoted mucosal healing in a UC mouse model; 2. HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (2 g7) Ⅰ in intractable CD phase of clinical trial (NCT05801234) showed that 35% lower disease activity 8 weeks, no serious adverse reactions | ||||