Parameter
| Biomarker | Prothrombin Time (PT) | Full name | Prothrombin Time / International Normalized Ratio (INR) | Molecular Type | Proteins (coagulation factor related indicators, reflecting coagulation function) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Liver function assessment, bleeding risk prediction, prognosis judgment | ||
| Disease | Liver Cirrhosis | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Liver | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma (coagulation analyzer, by coagulation method) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Prothrombin (coagulation factor Ⅱ) and coagulation factors Ⅴ, Ⅶ, and Ⅹ are synthesized by hepatocytes. PT mainly reflects the function of exogenous coagulation pathway. In liver cirrhosis, the damage of liver cells leads to the reduction of the synthesis of the above coagulation factors, and may be accompanied by vitamin K malabsorption (intestinal congestion caused by cirrhosis portal hypertension, affecting the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins), which further aggravates the deficiency of coagulation factor synthesis and eventually leads to prolonged PT. PT extend the degree and scope of liver cell injury, severe liver function damage degree, also direct the patient bleeding risk (e.g., ruptured esophageal gastric varices bleeding). | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical routine use: it is a key indicator for liver function assessment, bleeding risk stratification and prognosis judgment in patients with liver cirrhosis. It is included in the Child-Pugh scoring system, and is widely used in clinical practice and recommended by guidelines. | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | PT can sensitively reflect the synthesis function of hepatocytes and coagulation status in patients with liver cirrhosis, which is of great value in predicting the risk of bleeding and guiding clinical intervention (such as preoperative evaluation and prophylactic use of hemostatic drugs). But need vitamin K deficiency, use of anticoagulant drugs (such as warfarin), diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC), and other factors of cirrhosis of the liver specificity on the result of PT, avoid misjudgment liver function. | ||||