| Biomarker | KIF20A | Full name | Kinesin Family Member 20A | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (database analysis, qRT-PCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Up-regulated; associated with poor survival in both bladder & renal cancers | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Pan-urothelial prognostic marker; cross-cancer validation warranted | ||||
| Biomarker | PBDEs (BDE-47/99) | Full name | Polybrominated diphenyl ethers | Molecular Type | Environmental pollutants |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₂H₅Br₅O (BDE-47) | Molecular Weight | 485.79 (BDE-47) | Core Functional Dimensions | Associated risk prediction, causes |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Thyroid Cancer | Disease Subtypes | Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) | ||
| Organ | Thyroid | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (GC - MS and GC - IDHRMS) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Steady state interference of thyroid hormone, the induced oxidative stress | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research phase: Meta-analysis confirmed a positive association between exposure and PTC risk | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Combined with other markers eliminate confounding factors | ||||
| Biomarker | miR-126 | Full name | microRNA-126 | Molecular Type | Small RNA (miRNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis and prediction of invasion |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Thyroid Cancer | Disease Subtypes | Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) | ||
| Organ | Thyroid | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum/organization (RT - qPCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Targeting inhibition of PI3K - AKT pathway, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical research: PTC low expression, positively correlated with lymph node metastasis | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Outside the secrete body miR - 126 detection can improve the early diagnostic sensitivity | ||||
| Biomarker | circRNA_102171 | Full name | Circular RNA 102171 | Molecular Type | Circular RNA (circRNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targets |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Thyroid Cancer | Disease Subtypes | Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) | ||
| Organ | Thyroid | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue/serum exosomes (RT-qPCR, NGS) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Binding to CTNNBIP1 activates Wnt/β-catenin pathway | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical validation: PTC high expression, diagnosis of AUC 0.85 | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | It can be used as a non-invasive liquid biopsy marker, and targeted inhibition can inhibit tumor progression | ||||
| Biomarker | BRAF V600E | Full name | BRAF gene V600E mutation | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (DNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, classification, and prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Thyroid Cancer | Disease Subtypes | Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) | ||
| Organ | Thyroid | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization (NGS, Sanger sequencing, IHC) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Activation of MAPK, and promote the proliferation and tumor | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical routine application: 40% 80% PTC detection, is the PTC characteristic mutation; With TERT mutations associated with poor outcome | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Combined detection with TERT can optimize risk stratification and guide the selection of targeted therapy | ||||
| Biomarker | Hcy | Full name | Homocysteine | Molecular Type | Amino acids, |
| Molecular Formula | C₄H₉NO₂S | Molecular Weight | 135.18 | Core Functional Dimensions | Clinical auxiliary, prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Systemic/Blood Vessels | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (circulating enzymatic, HPLC) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Metabolic abnormalities caused accumulation, vascular endothelial injury and promote thrombosis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical auxiliary application: high level prompt cardiovascular complications | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Folic acid supplementation can reduce Hcy | ||||
| Biomarker | PTGDS | Full name | Prostaglandin D2 Synthase | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine (reverse-phase nano-LC-MS/MS) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Down-regulated in BC urine; 100 % specificity, 81 % sensitivity for BC detection | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | High-specificity urine protein marker; requires validation in multicenter cohorts | ||||
| Biomarker | Resistin | Full name | resistin | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Clinical auxiliary, research |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Adipose Tissue/Immune Cells | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (ELISA, Western blot) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Fat cells and immune cells, promote inflammation and insulin resistance | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical auxiliary application: high level is associated with dyslipidemia, high blood pressure | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Higher diagnostic value in obesity related MetS | ||||
| Biomarker | circRIMS1 (hsa_circ_0132246) | Full name | Circular RNA Regulating Synaptic Membrane Exocytosis 1 (Homo sapiens circular RNA 0132246) | Molecular Type | Circular RNA |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Therapeutic target & diagnosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue & cells (qRT-PCR, RNA pulldown, FISH) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Up-regulated; promotes growth, migration & invasion via circRIMS1/miR-433-3p/CCAR1 axis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | circRNA with defined regulatory axis; dual diagnostic & therapeutic potential | ||||
| Biomarker | SOD | Full name | Superoxide dismutase | Molecular Type | protein |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Study phase, monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | REDOX regulation type | ||
| Organ | Systemic/Cells | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum/organization (colorimetric method, ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Remove superoxide anion, antioxidant ability promote metabolic disorders | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study phase: activity prompts enhanced oxidative stress, can be used as intervention effect evaluation index | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | The combination of CAT and GSH-Px can comprehensively reflect the function of antioxidant system | ||||
| Biomarker | PTX3 | Full name | Pentraxin 3 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma (ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Elevated in BC plasma, especially in muscle-invasive & metastatic disease; limited diagnostic but potential prognostic value | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Inflammation-related plasma marker; needs larger cohorts for clinical implementation | ||||
| Biomarker | GSH | Full name | Glutathione | Molecular Type | Small molecule peptide |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₀H₁₇N₃O₆S | Molecular Weight | 307.32 | Core Functional Dimensions | The research phase, monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | REDOX regulation type | ||
| Organ | Systemic/Cells | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum/organization (colorimetric method, HPLC) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Balance the REDOX of cell and levels increase oxidative stress and insulin resistance | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study phase: reflect the antioxidant capacity, negatively related to the severity and the MetS | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | NRF2 pathway activation can increase GSH synthesis | ||||
| Biomarker | MAP1A | Full name | Microtubule-Associated Protein 1A | Molecular Type | Protein & ceRNA |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, prognosis & immune-infiltration regulation |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (qRT-PCR, database analysis) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Low expression correlates with poor survival; associated with immune-cell infiltration & checkpoint genes; ceRNA network includes miR-34a-5p & LNC00667 | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Integrates ceRNA & immune mechanisms; mechanistic & clinical validation ongoing | ||||
| Biomarker | A. muciniphila | Full name | Akkermansia muciniphila | Molecular Type | microbial |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Research phase and intervention targets |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | Gut bacteria related to type | ||
| Organ | Gut | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Feces (16S rRNA sequencing, qPCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Degradation of mucous layer, regulate the intestinal barrier and metabolic steady-state, abundance lower associated with MetS | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research phase: Potential probiotic target that improves insulin resistance when supplemented | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | With Faecalibacterium prausnitzii joint effects can promote flora | ||||
| Biomarker | ECRG4 & ITIH5 | Full name | Esophageal Cancer Related Gene 4 & Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5 | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (DNA methylation) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis (urine markers) |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine (qMSP, dPCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Tumour-suppressor genes; methylation detectable in urine cfDNA; combined testing improves sensitivity & specificity | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Epigenetic urine panel; promising non-invasive early-detection strategy | ||||
| Biomarker | SCFAs | Full name | Short-chain fatty acids | Molecular Type | Metabolites |
| Molecular Formula | Varies (e.g., C₂H₄O₂) | Molecular Weight | Varies (e.g., 60.05) | Core Functional Dimensions | Research phase, risk prediction |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | Gut bacteria related to type | ||
| Organ | Gut | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Waste/serum (GC - MS, LC - MS) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Gut bacteria fermentation of dietary fibre, adjust the energy metabolism and intestinal barrier function | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | The research phase: acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid levels associated with MetS | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Add dietary fiber can increase SCFAs, improve metabolism | ||||