| Biomarker | CD276 (B7-H3) | Full name | Cluster of Differentiation 276 (B7 Homolog 3) | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis & prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (IHC, database analysis) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Over-expressed; associated with advanced stage, metastasis & low survival; involved in extracellular-matrix pathways | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Stromal-related marker; clinical utility for diagnosis & prognosis needs validation | ||||
| Biomarker | 8-oxo-dG | Full name | 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid oxidation products |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₅ | Molecular Weight | 283.24 | Core Functional Dimensions | Study stage, prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | Inflammation and oxidative stress type | ||
| Organ | Systemic/Cells | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine (ELISA and HPLC) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Oxidative stress leads to DNA damage, which is involved in metabolic disorders and complications | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | The research phase: tumor-specific markers of oxidative stress, predictable long-term cardiovascular risk | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Noninvasive detection, suitable for long-term dynamic monitoring | ||||
| Biomarker | SPP1 | Full name | Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & immune-infiltration modulator |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (IHC, microarray, database) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Early differential expression; poor prognosis; correlates with immune-cell infiltration & checkpoint genes | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Links pathology & immune micro-environment; candidate for combination therapy | ||||
| Biomarker | MDA | Full name | Malondialdehyde | Molecular Type | Lipid oxidation products |
| Molecular Formula | C₃H₄O₂ | Molecular Weight | 72.06 | Core Functional Dimensions | Research phase, monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | Inflammation and oxidative stress type | ||
| Organ | Systemic/Cells | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum/urine (TBA colorimetry, LC-MS/MS) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Oxidative stress cause lipid peroxidation, damage biofilms, aggravate metabolic abnormalities | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | The research phase: reflect the level of oxidative stress, positively related to the MetS progress | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Combined with SOD and GSH, the redox status can be comprehensively evaluated | ||||
| Biomarker | hsa_circ_0137439 | Full name | Homo sapiens circular RNA 0137439 | Molecular Type | Circular RNA |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis & prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine (microarray, qRT-PCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Up-regulated in urine; correlates with stage, grade & nodal status; distinguishes MIBC from NMIBC via hsa_circ_0137439/miR-142-5p/MTDH axis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Non-invasive circRNA biomarker; large-scale validation required | ||||
| Biomarker | IL-6 | Full name | Interleukin-6 | Molecular Type | Cytokines |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Study stage, prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | Inflammation and oxidative stress type | ||
| Organ | Adipose Tissue/Immune Cells | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (ELISA, flow cytometry) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Adipose tissue and immune cell secretion, promote insulin resistance and vascular injury | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | To explore clinical application: used to assess MetS inflammation, associated with the risk of complications | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Targeted IL - 6 treatment could improve the metabolic disorder | ||||
| Biomarker | Ascore (4-gene anoikis-related signature) | Full name | Ascore (4-gene anoikis-related signature) | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (mRNA) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & immunotherapy-response prediction |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue, CTCs (RNA-seq, database validation) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Independent prognostic factor; superior to TMB or PD-L1 for predicting immunotherapy response | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Multi-gene signature integrating anoikis; ready for external validation | ||||
| Biomarker | CRP | Full name | C-reactive protein | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | Inflammation and oxidative stress | ||
| Organ | Liver/Systemic | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (immunoturbidimetry, ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Acute phase reaction protein synthesized by the liver, reflecting the system low level inflammation | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical routine application: hs - CRP acuity 3 mg/L high inflammatory state, used for risk stratification | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | The combination of hs-CRP with IL-6 and TNF-α can improve the comprehensiveness of inflammation assessment | ||||
| Biomarker | ZNF485 | Full name | Zinc Finger Protein 485 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Therapeutic target & proliferation regulator |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue, cell & animal models (qRT-PCR, IHC) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Up-regulated; knock-down inhibits proliferation, migration & invasion while promoting apoptosis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Novel oncogene; therapeutic potential requires clinical translation | ||||
| Biomarker | AR & CD44 | Full name | Androgen Receptor & Cluster of Differentiation 44 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & therapy selection |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (ChIP-seq, IHC) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | AR transcriptionally represses CD44; inverse correlation; low AR associated with advanced high-grade disease | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | AR-CD44 axis may guide prognosis assessment & treatment decisions | ||||
| Biomarker | EPPK1 | Full name | Epiplakin | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis (serum marker) |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | ladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Significantly higher in BC than in stone patients or healthy controls; distinguishes malignancy from benign conditions | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Research verification stage | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Suitable for large-scale screening; clinical correlation & confounder analysis required | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | |||||
| Biomarker | Adiponectin | Full name | adiponectin | Molecular Type | Hormones |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis and Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | Centricity fueling | ||
| Organ | Adipose Tissue | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (ELISA, Western blot) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | The secretion of fat cells is reduced, and the anti-inflammatory and improvement of insulin sensitivity are weakened | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical auxiliary application: low prompt metabolic risk, can be used as a prognostic indicators | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Sports and the Mediterranean diet can increase adiponectin level | ||||
| Biomarker | IGF2BP3 | Full name | Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, prognosis & immune-infiltration regulator |
| Disease(or Constitution) | ladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (IHC, qRT-PCR, TCGA/GEO) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Over-expressed; correlates with poor survival & advanced stage; regulates neutrophil & macrophage | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Links tumour progression & immune micro-environment; candidate for combination immunotherapy | ||||
| Biomarker | 13-mRNA signature (incl. CTHRC1, MMP11) | Full name | 13-mRNA signature (incl. Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1, Matrix Metallopeptidase 11) | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (mRNA) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & progression prediction |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (RNA-seq, qRT-PCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | LASSO-derived signature stratifies high-/low-risk groups; CTHRC1 up-regulated in invasive BC | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Outperforms previously published signatures; awaits prospective validation | ||||
| Biomarker | CDKN2A, CTSV, FOXM1 | Full name | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A,Cathepsin V,Forkhead box M1 | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (mRNA) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, prognosis & progression prediction |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (qRT-PCR, bioinformatics) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Combined signature shows 95.5 % sensitivity & 100 % specificity for progression; involved in tumour-related biology | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Multi-gene panel improves prognostic accuracy; clinical implementation pending | ||||
| Biomarker | GPR123 | Full name | G Protein-Coupled Receptor 123 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Recurrence prediction & prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (IHC, qRT-PCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Higher in MIBC than NMIBC; correlates with T & M stage; independent predictor of recurrence & poor survival | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Post-operative IHC may identify high-risk patients; prospective trials needed | ||||