| Biomarker | LRRC59 mRNA | Full name | LRRC59 mRNA | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (mRNA) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis (immune-infiltration linked) |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (qRT-PCR, RNA sequencing) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | High expression shortens OS & DSS; hypomethylation correlates with poor prognosis; multiple immune-cell infiltrations | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Expression inhibition suppresses proliferation & migration; potential therapeutic target | ||||
| Biomarker | CUBN / MPO | Full name | Cubilin Protein / Myeloperoxidase Protein ratio | Molecular Type | Protein (ratio) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis & prognosis (combined ratio) |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine (immunoblot, ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Low CUBN/MPO ratio predicts high-grade BC recurrence & progression risk | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage (n = 30 pilot) | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Ratio-based prognostic index; large-scale validation needed to avoid sampling bias | ||||
| Biomarker | Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter | Full name | Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter | Molecular Type | Microbial organism |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | Tissue (Sanger sequencing, digital PCR) | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis (microbiota dysbiosis) |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | Tissue (Sanger sequencing, digital PCR) | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine (16S rRNA sequencing, metagenome) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Enriched in BC urine; correlated with antigen-processing & immune pathways | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Exploratory stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Core members of 35-species dysbiosis signature; causality & clinical cut-offs under investigation | ||||
| Biomarker | TERT | Full name | Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (gene mutation) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis (early mutation detection) |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (Sanger sequencing, digital PCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | One of the most frequent mutations in BC (~70 %); stably present in tissue; reflects tumor proliferative potential | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage: tissue detection directly reflects tumor | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | The synergistic effects of TERT promoter mutations with pathways such as FGFR and PI3K are under intensive investigation, holding promise as novel targets for combined targeted therapy; its detection technologies (e.g., digital PCR) are also being continuously optimized to enhance clinical utility. | ||||
| Biomarker | mePENK | Full name | Methylated proenkephalin gene | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (DNA methylation) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine (exact methylation platform not specified) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Early epigenetic event in BCa; methylation status in urine serves as a non-invasive biomarker for early detection and improves detection efficacy | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage: focused on early BCa; large-sample validation required | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Pro-enkephalin gene offering an important epigenetic urine marker for early non-invasive diagnosis of BCa | ||||
| Biomarker | POLE2 | Full name | Polymerase Epsilon 2 | Molecular Type | Protein & signalling-pathway related |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & therapeutic target |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue & cells (database analysis, Western blot, functional assays) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Oncogenic driver via PI3K/AKT signalling; over-expression promotes BLCA cell growth and correlates with unfavorable prognosis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage: pathway mechanism defined; clinical validation required | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | DNA-polymerase-related protein providing prognostic and targeting implications for BLCA | ||||
| Biomarker | circSTAG2 (hsa_circ_0139697) | Full name | Circular RNA STAG2 (hsa_circ_0139697) | Molecular Type | Circular RNA (circRNA) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Recurrence prediction & tumor-progression regulator |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine, tissue & cells (qRT-PCR, RNA pulldown) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Up-regulated in urine of recurrent BCa patients; sponges miR-145-5p to activate TAGLN2, promoting proliferation, motility and invasion | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage: urine circRNA marker; large cohorts needed to validate recurrence-prediction value | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Non-invasive circRNA marker with clinical monitoring potential for BCa recurrence | ||||
| Biomarker | LRRC59 | Full name | Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 59 | Molecular Type | Protein & immune-infiltration modulator |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis & prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (IHC, qRT-PCR, database analysis) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Over-expressed in BC; associated with poor survival; hypomethylation indicates unfavorable prognosis; correlates with multiple immune-cell subsets; knock-down inhibits proliferation and migration | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage: function validated in cells and tissues; clinical validation required | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Leucine-rich-repeat protein offering multi-dimensional value for diagnosis, prognosis and immunotherapy of BC | ||||
| Biomarker | SNCA | Full name | Synuclein Alpha | Molecular Type | Protein & nucleic acid (DNA methylation) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & immune-infiltration regulation |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (database analysis; exact assay not specified) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Down-regulated in BLCA; inversely correlated with DNA methylation; high expression is an independent prognostic risk factor and participates in T-cell infiltration | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage: links methylation, prognosis and immune infiltration; clinical validation required | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Alpha-synuclein gene providing prognostic and immunological insights for BLCA | ||||
| Biomarker | VASH1 | Full name | Vasohibin-1 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy responser |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (exact platform not specified) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | High expression in high-grade and advanced BCa predicts pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage: predictive value demonstrated; clinical validation required | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Angiogenesis-related factor offering a predictive index for chemotherapy selection in BCa | ||||
| Biomarker | circPSMA7 (hsa_circ_0003456, N6-methyl-adenosine-modified) | Full name | circular RNA proteasome 20S subunit alpha 7 (hsa_circ_0003456, N6-methyladenosine-modified) | Molecular Type | Circular RNA (with epigenetic modification) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Therapeutic target & tumor-malignancy regulator |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue & cells (qRT-PCR, circRNA-seq) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | N6-methyl-adenosine-modified circPSMA7 is over-expressed in BCa and enhances malignancy via the miR-128-3p/MAPK1 axis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage: epigenetic modification and regulatory mechanism defined; clinical validation needed | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Epigenetically modified circRNA providing a novel therapeutic target for BCa | ||||
| Biomarker | RAC3 | Full name | RAS-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 3 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (database mining; exact assay not specified) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Hub gene associated with BC progression and unfavorable prognosis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage: prognostic value confirmed in silico; clinical validation required | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Small GTPase family member offering prognostic information for BC | ||||
| Biomarker | CTC | Full name | Circulating tumor cells | Molecular Type | Cellular |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Blood (CTC enrichment and enumeration techniques) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | CTCs are an independent prognostic indicator of poor survival and aggressive tumor progression in BC patients | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical validation stage: meta-analysis confirmed prognostic value; standardized protocols needed | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Cell-level prognostic marker providing direct evidence for BC progression assessment | ||||
| Biomarker | MAN1B1 | Full name | Mannosidase Alpha Class 1B Member 1 | Molecular Type | Protein (enzyme) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & immune-infiltration modulation |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (database analysis, platform not specified) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Over-expressed; correlates with poor prognosis & increased immune-cell infiltration | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Mannosidase-related marker; links prognosis & immune micro-environment; further studies warranted | ||||
| Biomarker | NCR3LG1 | Full name | Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor 3 Ligand 1 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue & cells (expression intervention) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Participates in BC progression; potential prognostic biomarker | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Novel immune-related marker; preliminary cellular & tissue evidence; clinical validation | ||||
| Biomarker | ST3GAL5 | Full name | ST3 Beta-Galactoside Alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase 5 | Molecular Type | Protein (enzyme) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & therapeutic target |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (detection platform not specified) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Down-regulated in BC; low expression associated with muscle invasion, high grade & poor prognosis; tumor-suppressive function | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Sialyl-transferase with anti-cancer activity; prognostic & therapeutic potential | ||||