| Biomarker | SULT1A2 | Full name | Sulfotransferase Family 1A Member 2 | Molecular Type | Protein (enzyme) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis & prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (detection platform not specified) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Putative oncogene in BC; correlates with tumor stage & prognosis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Sulfotransferase family member; carcinogenic role & clinical utility under investigation | ||||
| Biomarker | HOXA9, PCDH17, POU4F2, ONECUT2 (urine panel) | Full name | Homeobox A9, Protocadherin 17, POU Class 4 Homeobox 2 , One Cut Homeobox 2 | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (predicted mRNA or DNA) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis (hematuria patient triage) |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine (platform not specified) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Combines urinary markers to distinguish bladder cancer from benign hematuria; reduces unnecessary invasive procedures | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Targeted panel for high-risk hematuria populations; clinical trials needed | ||||
| Biomarker | CDHR2, HSP27, HNRNPA2B1 | Full name | Cadherin-Related Family Member 2 , Heat Shock Protein 27,Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2B1 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & post-operative monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine (LC-MS/MS, Western blot, IHC) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Pre- vs post-operative urine levels differ significantly; correlate with recurrence risk | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Urine proteomic panel distinguishes surgical stages; recurrence-monitoring utility to be validated | ||||
| Biomarker | DLGAP5 | Full name | Discs Large Associated Protein 5 | Molecular Type | Protein & RNA network |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis & prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (database analysis) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | DLGAP5 up-regulation correlates with poor prognosis; regulated by specific lncRNA/miRNA circuitry | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | RNA-network-driven marker; regulatory pathway defined; clinical validation pending | ||||
| Biomarker | HER2 & ATM | Full name | Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 / Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & therapeutic targets |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (detection platform not specified) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | HER2 interacts with ATM; ATM is an independent prognostic marker; both associated with survival & cancer aggressiveness | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Combination targets for bladder cancer; mechanism & clinical validation ongoing | ||||
| Biomarker | lncRNA AC114812.8 / miR-371b-5p / FUT4 axis | Full name | Long non-coding RNA AC114812.8 / MicroRNA-371b-5p / Fucosyltransferase 4 axis | Molecular Type | lncRNA, miRNA, Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & therapeutic target |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue & cells (qRT-PCR, Western blot, dual-luciferase) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | AC114812.8 sponges miR-371b-5p to elevate FUT4; drives proliferation, migration, invasion & EMT | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Novel lncRNA axis; prognostic stratification & therapeutic targeting potential | ||||
| Biomarker | TWIST1 | Full name | Twist Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1 | Molecular Type | Transcription factor |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & therapeutic target |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (qRT-PCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Over-expression correlates with advanced stage, high grade & poor prognosis; low expression associated with longer disease-free survival; promoter methylation does not affect expression | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | EMT-related transcription factor; independent prognostic & therapeutic target | ||||
| Biomarker | lncRNA PVT1 / miR-194-5p / BCLAF1 axis | Full name | Long non-coding RNA PVT1 / MicroRNA-194-5p / BCL2 Associated Transcription Factor 1 axis | Molecular Type | lncRNA, miRNA, Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis & therapeutic target |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue & cells (qRT-PCR, Western blot, luciferase reporter) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | PVT1 acts as ceRNA sponging miR-194-5p to up-regulate BCLAF1; promotes proliferation, migration, invasion & EMT | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axis; dual diagnostic & therapeutic implications | ||||
| Biomarker | IGFL2 | Full name | Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Like Peptide 2 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, prognosis & immune-infiltration regulation |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (database mining, qRT-PCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Over-expressed; AUC = 0.828 for diagnosis; correlates with stage, grade, poor survival & macrophage/Th1 infiltration; involves PI3K-Akt & MAPK pathways | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Multi-pathway marker; integrates diagnosis, prognosis & immune micro-environment investigation | ||||
| Biomarker | AST/ALT | Full name | Aspartate Aminotransferase/Alanine Aminotransferase | Molecular Type | Enzyme-activity ratio |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Blood (routine enzyme assay) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | High ratio correlates with shorter overall survival & higher 90-day mortality; linked to glucose-metabolism dysregulation | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Readily available blood parameter; large-scale validation required | ||||
| Biomarker | sPD-L1 | Full name | Soluble Programmed Death-Ligand 1 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum & urine (ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Detectable in serum; levels higher in muscle-invasive & metastatic BC; no prognostic value in urine | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Circulating immune-checkpoint marker; serum sPD-L1 prognostic value confirmed; needs clinical translation | ||||
| Biomarker | SLC31A1 (CTR1) | Full name | Solute Carrier Family 31 Member 1 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, prognosis & therapeutic target |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (qRT-PCR, targeted bisulfite-seq, NGSe) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Copper-transporter over-expressed; hypomethylation drives up-regulation; correlates with poor survival & copper-metabolism pathways | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Copper-homeostasis marker; tri-functional potential (diagnosis, prognosis, targeted therapy) | ||||
| Biomarker | KRT7 | Full name | Keratin 7 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis & immune-infiltration modulation |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (IHC, database analysis) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Over-expressed; poor survival; increases regulatory T-cell infiltration while decreasing CD8+ T & NK cells | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Influences tumor-immune contexture; candidate for combination immunotherapy strategies | ||||
| Biomarker | UM | Full name | Urinary microbiome | Molecular Type | Microbial organisms |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis (microbiota dysbiosis) |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine (16S rRNA sequencing) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Dysbiosis in BC urine; specific species (Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter) enriched; associated with immune-pathway alterations | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Exploratory stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Novel microbiome panel; causal relationships & clinical utility to be established | ||||
| Biomarker | HSPA5 (BiP) | Full name | Heat Shock Protein Family A (Hsp70) Member 5 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (IHC, database analysis) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Over-expressed; correlates with poor prognosis & immune-cell infiltration; related to endoplasmic-reticulum stress | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | ER-stress-related prognostic marker; mechanistic exploitation under investigation | ||||
| Biomarker | RAS | Full name | RAS (N/H/K-RAS) gene mutation | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (DNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, typing |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Thyroid Cancer | Disease Subtypes | Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) | ||
| Organ | Thyroid | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization (NGS, Sanger sequencing) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Activation of MAPK/PI3K, drive tumorigenesis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical routine application: 30% 50% FTC detection, identify the FTC and follicular neoplasia | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Mutation with TERT prompt high risk of recurrence | ||||