| Biomarker | CD10 | Full name | Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Antigen | Molecular Type | Protein（Cytosolic glycoproteins） |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis (Classification) |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | ccRCC | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization (Immunohistochemistry) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Marking tumors of proximal renal tubule origin, diffuse membranous expression in ccRCC | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical availability / Routine pathology: Subtype identification index | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Papillary RCC shows focal luminal staining, while chromophobic cell RCC is negative. | ||||
| Biomarker | Vimentin | Full name | Vimentin | Molecular Type | Protein (intermediate filament protein) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis (Classification) |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | ccRCC | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization (Immunohistochemistry) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Mesenchymal markers, specific expression of ccRCC and papillary RCC | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical availability / Routine pathology: Subtype identification index | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Negative for ccRCC and eosinophilic cell tumor, used for differential diagnosis | ||||
| Biomarker | PAX8 | Full name | Paired Box 8 | Molecular Type | Protein（Transcription factor） |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis (subtyping / metastasis tracing) |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | ccRCC | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization (Immunohistochemistry) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Renal tissue-specific transcription factor, marker of renal tumors | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinically available / Routine pathology: Core markers for tracing metastatic foci | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | The sensitivity is higher than that of PAX2, and high-grade tumors may be negative; angiosmooth muscle lipoma may be negative. | ||||
| Biomarker | VHL gene | Full name | von Hippel-Lindau gene | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid（DNA） |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, classification, susceptibility |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | ccRCC | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue / Whole Blood (Genomic Sequencing) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | ccRCC core driver gene, mutations leading to 3p deletion and VHL protein inactivation | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | clinically available / essential for classification: auxiliary indicators for pathological classification | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Patients with VHL syndrome present with bilateral multiple ccRCC; associated with 3p deletion | ||||
| Biomarker | CA-IX | Full name | Carbonic Anhydrase IX | Molecular Type | Protein（transmembrane protein） |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, classification, and targeted therapy targets |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | ccRCC | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tissue (immunohistochemistry), Serum (ELISA), Imaging (PET/CT) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Downstream molecules of the VHL mutation pathway, which are highly expressed in ccRCC and lowly expressed in normal renal tissue | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical validation / Multi-scenario application: Immunohistochemistry for typing; 124I-cG250 PET/CT for diagnosis | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | 18F-VM4-037 PET/CT improves detection of metastatic ccRCC; cccRCC shows characteristic "cup-shaped" staining | ||||
| Biomarker | CSF1、ICAM1、IL-18BP、KIM1、TNFRII | Full name | Colony Stimulating Factor 1 / Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 / Interleukin-18 Binding Protein / Kidney Injury Molecule 1 / Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor II composite biomarker score | Molecular Type | Protein combination |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Predicting treatment response |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum（Multivariate detection platform） | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Covering multiple pathways including inflammation and angiogenesis, it comprehensively reflects the biological characteristics of tumors. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study test: Validation in the RECORD-3 trial | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Specific prediction of therapeutic benefit with everolimus, significantly longer PFS in patients with high CBS | ||||
| Biomarker | ctDNA | Full name | Circulating tumor DNA | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid（DNA） |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, monitoring, and prediction of treatment response |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Peripheral blood (targeted sequencing) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Genomic fragments released into the bloodstream by tumor cells reflect the genomic characteristics of the tumor. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study test / Frontier exploration: Dynamic monitoring of tumor burden and treatment resistance | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Detection of gene mutations such as VHL and BAP1, with post-treatment decline indicating efficacy | ||||
| Biomarker | CRP | Full name | C reactive protein | Molecular Type | Protein（Inflammatory markers） |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum（Biochemical testing） | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Systemic inflammatory markers associated with tumor progression | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinically available / Research support: Applicable to both localized and metastatic RCC | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Independent survival of OS, CSS, and metastasis-free survival | ||||
| Biomarker | NLR | Full name | Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio | Molecular Type | Inflammatory markers (cell ratios) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Whole blood (complete blood count) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Reflects systemic inflammatory status, with anti-tumor immune suppression mediated by inflammation | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinically available / Research support: Multiple meta-analyses have confirmed its prognostic value | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | NLR>4.0 suggests limited benefit of cytoreductive nephrectomy | ||||
| Biomarker | TIMP-1 | Full name | Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum（ELISA） | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases and regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study test: independent prognostic factor | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Combining MSKCC score with ECOG physical status can optimize the prognostic model | ||||
| Biomarker | Osteopontin | Full name | Osteopontin | Molecular Type | Protein（Cytokines / Angiogenic factors） |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis, Prediction of treatment response |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum（ELISA） | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Participate in tumor invasion, angiogenesis and regulation of tumor microenvironment | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study test: Prognostic biomarkers for sorafenib combined with interferon therapy | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Patients with low baseline levels had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) with sorafenib monotherapy and required combination therapy | ||||
| Biomarker | IL-8 | Full name | Interleukin-8 | Molecular Type | Protein（Cytokine） |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum（ELISA） | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Participates in the construction of tumor inflammatory microenvironment, promoting angiogenesis and invasion | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study test: Multiple studies confirm its association with PFS | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Combination with IL-6 and bone bridging protein can improve the accuracy of prognosis assessment | ||||
| Biomarker | IL-6 | Full name | Interleukin-6 | Molecular Type | Protein（Cytokine） |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis、Prediction of treatment response |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum（ELISA） | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | RCC cells secrete under hypoxic conditions to promote tumor progression and inflammatory response | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study test/clinical exploration: Prognostic potential of pazopanib demonstrated in prospective study | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Patients with elevated IL-6 levels benefit more significantly from pazopanib treatment; this has greater prognostic value than clinical staging | ||||
| Biomarker | LDH | Full name | Lactate dehydrogenase | Molecular Type | Protein （Enzymes） |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis、Prediction of treatment response |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum（Biochemical testing） | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Participates in anaerobic glycolysis, regulated by the PI3-K/AKT/mTOR pathway, with high expression reflecting tumor burden | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinically available / Guideline included: core measures of the MSKCC risk score | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | High LDH indicates poor prognosis and predicts therapeutic benefit with tesilomide | ||||
| Biomarker | VEGF | Full name | Vascular endothelial growth factor | Molecular Type | Protein（Cytokines / Angiogenic factors） |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis、Prediction of treatment response |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum（ELISA） | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Regulating RCC angiogenesis is the core target of VEGF-targeted therapy | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical validation/Routine application: Included in multiple clinical trial prognostic assessments; partially utilized for monitoring the efficacy of targeted therapy | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Patients with high baseline VEGF levels may benefit more from sorafenib therapy; associated with tumor invasion and metastasis | ||||
| Biomarker | NID2 gene promoter methylation | Full name | Nidogen 2 gene promoter methylation | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (DNA methylation) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis (combinatorial detection) |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine (qMSP, digital PCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Promoter methylation occurs early; combined with ECRG4 & ITIH5 improves sensitivity & specificity | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Stand-alone sensitivity limited; included in methylation panels to boost combinatorial efficacy | ||||