| Biomarker | UMOD | Full name | Uromodulin | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis、Prognostic judgment | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine, blood ( protein detection, ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | It is secreted by renal tubular ascending branch cells and is positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ). | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Some clinical applications / Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Low levels suggest an increased risk of CKD progression, which can identify early CKD with traditional creatinine ' blind spot '.ROC analysis can distinguish patients with CKD stage 0 and stage I. | ||||
| Biomarker | IL-18 | Full name | Interleukin-18 | Molecular Type | Cytokine |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis、Condition monitoring | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine, blood ( protein detection, ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Mediated renal tubular inflammatory response, increased release after injury, and promoted renal interstitial fibrosis. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Some clinical applications / Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | It was negatively correlated with renal uric acid excretion. The lower the 24-hour urinary uric acid level, the higher the urinary IL-18 / creatinine ratio, which could indirectly reflect the degree of renal tubular injury. | ||||
| Biomarker | L-FABP | Full name | Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis、Condition monitoring | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine, blood ( protein detection, ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | It is involved in fatty acid metabolism, and is released into urine after renal tubular injury, reflecting renal tubular interstitial inflammation. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Some clinical applications / Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | It is less interfered by white blood cell urine and hematuria, and is suitable for the auxiliary diagnosis of CKD staging in patients with complex complications such as HIV infection and diabetes. | ||||
| Biomarker | SBP, DBP | Full name | Systolic/diastolic blood pressure | Molecular Type | Physiological indexes |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis and surveillance |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | High blood pressure type | ||
| Organ | Heart/Blood Vessels | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Noninvasive blood pressure measurement (electronic sphygmomanometer, mercury sphygmomanometer) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Endothelial function is impaired, renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system activation | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical routine application: diagnostic core index (130/85 mmHg) or higher, need to measurement confirmed that many times | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | With central obesity, insulin resistance, promote each other | ||||
| Biomarker | NGAL | Full name | Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis、Prognostic judgment、Condition monitoring | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine, blood ( protein detection, ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Involved in renal tubular inflammation and injury repair, blood and urine levels increased after injury. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Some clinical applications / Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | It is closely related to renal function injury, inflammatory response and anemia index in patients with CKD, and can be used as a cross-stage marker of acute kidney injury | ||||
| Biomarker | LDL-C | Full name | Low density lipoprotein cholesterol | Molecular Type | lipid |
| Molecular Formula | C₂₇H₄₆O | Molecular Weight | 386.65 | Core Functional Dimensions | Risk prediction, monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | Dyslipidemia type | ||
| Organ | Liver/Blood Vessels | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum/plasma (enzymatic, LC - MS/MS) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | LDL - C oxidative modification after deposition in vessel wall, promote atherosclerosis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical routine application: used for cardiovascular risk stratification, guide the lipid-lowering therapy | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Small and dense LDL - C risk prediction in patients with MetS higher value | ||||
| Biomarker | KIM-1 | Full name | Kidney injury molecule-1 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis、Prognostic judgment、Condition monitoring | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine, blood ( protein detection, ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | It is involved in the repair of renal tubular injury. After injury, the expression of kidney is up-regulated and released into urine, reflecting renal tubular inflammation. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Some clinical applications / Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | In inflammatory nephropathy such as vasculitis and glomerulonephritis, it is significantly associated with decreased renal function ( ΔeGFR ) and can be used as a prognostic indicator for such nephropathy. | ||||
| Biomarker | HDL-C | Full name | High density lipoprotein cholesterol | Molecular Type | Lipids |
| Molecular Formula | C₂₇H₄₆O | Molecular Weight | 386.65 | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis and Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | Dyslipidemia type | ||
| Organ | Liver/Blood Vessels | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum/plasma (enzymatic, ultracentrifugation) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | The function of reverse cholesterol transport is impaired, and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are weakened | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical routine application: diagnostic core indicators | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Decreased HDL-C is positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular complications | ||||
| Biomarker | c-Myb | Full name | Cellular myeloblastosis oncogene | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis、Disease progression monitoring | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine, kidney tissue ( immunohistochemistry, protein detection ) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Regulate renal fibrosis-related pathways, and abnormal expression promotes CKD progression | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | It is an early sensitive marker of adverse outcomes of chronic kidney disease such as IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephropathy. Larger sample size is needed to verify its clinical value. | ||||
| Biomarker | IgG | Full name | Immunoglobulin | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis, condition assessment | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine, kidney tissue ( immunohistochemistry, protein detection ) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Under normal circumstances, it is difficult to pass through the glomerular filtration barrier, and the increase in urine reflects the damage of the filtration barrier. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Serum and urinary IgG levels are positively correlated with the severity of nephropathy, and can be used as an early identification index for idiopathic membranous nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. | ||||
| Biomarker | TG | Full name | Triglycerides | Molecular Type | Lipids |
| Molecular Formula | Varies (e.g., C₅₅H₉₈O₆) | Molecular Weight | Varies (~885) | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, risk prediction |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | Dyslipidemias | ||
| Organ | Liver/Blood Vessels | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum/plasma (enzymatic method, LC-MS/MS) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Liver lipid synthesis, lipoprotein metabolism, promote atherosclerosis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical routine application: diagnostic core index (150 mg/dL or higher), and evaluation of HDL - C combined dyslipidemia | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | High TG combined low HDL - C is typical MetS dyslipidemia | ||||
| Biomarker | PCX | Full name | Podocalyxin | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis, condition assessment | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine, kidney tissue ( immunohistochemistry, protein detection ) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | It is involved in the construction of glomerular filtration barrier, and is released into urine after injury, suggesting that glomerular function is impaired. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | The sensitivity and specificity of early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy are better than those of microalbuminuria, which can accurately identify early podocyte injury. | ||||
| Biomarker | PDCN | Full name | Podocin | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine, kidney tissue ( immunohistochemistry, protein detection ) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Maintaining the integrity of glomerular filtration barrier, abnormal expression is positively correlated with the degree of glomerular injury. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | It is directly related to the severity of CKD and is a potential core marker for the detection of early diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. | ||||
| Biomarker | NPHN | Full name | Nephrin | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis, condition assessment | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine, kidney tissue ( immunohistochemistry, protein detection ) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | The key components that constitute the glomerular filtration barrier are released into urine after injury, reflecting the destruction of glomerular structure. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | In the early detection of diabetic nephropathy, the sensitivity was significantly higher than that of microalbuminuria. ROC analysis showed that the probability of predicting diabetic nephropathy. | ||||
| Biomarker | Insulin | Full name | Insulin | Molecular Type | Hormones |
| Molecular Formula | C₂₅₇H₃₈₃N₆₅O₇₇S₆ | Molecular Weight | 5807.6 | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis and surveillance |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Metabolic Syndrome | Disease Subtypes | Insulin resistant type | ||
| Organ | Pancreas | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (chemiluminescence immunoassay, ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | The compensatory secretion of pancreatic β cells is increased to maintain blood glucose homeostasis and reflect the degree of insulin resistance | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical auxiliary application: joint FBG computing HOMA - IR, assess the severity of insulin resistance | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | HOMA - IR acuity 2.69 tip insulin resistance significantly | ||||
| Biomarker | DDN | Full name | Dendrin | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis, condition assessment | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine, kidney tissue ( immunohistochemistry, protein detection ) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | It is involved in the regulation of glomerular filtration barrier function. After injury, it is relocated to the podocyte nucleus, reflecting podocyte injury | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research verification stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Its nuclear localization phenomenon can be used as a new marker for the progression of human glomerular disease, which is directly related to the degree of podocyte function damage. | ||||