| Biomarker | NINJ1 | Full name | Ninjurin 1 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis and identification of organ involvement |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Autoimmune Disease (AD) | Disease Subtypes | SLE | ||
| Organ | Spleen, thymus, lymphoid tissue | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (laboratory test) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Significantly elevated in the serum of SLE patients, and further elevated in patients with LN and thrombocytopenia. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research validation: AUC=0.83, positively correlated with proteinuria, CRP, and NLR. | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Assist in identifying renal and hematologic system involvement, facilitating disease stratification. | ||||
| Biomarker | TRbeta | Full name | Thyroid hormone receptor beta gene mutation | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (DNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, typing |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Thyroid stimulant tumor (TSHPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization (NGS) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Thyroid hormone receptor gene mutations cause degenerative disorders | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study phase: some TSHPA mutations in, can explain the abnormal secretion of the hormone | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Providing theoretical basis for targeted therapy | ||||
| Biomarker | TSH | Full name | Thyroid stimulating hormone | Molecular Type | hormone |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Thyroid stimulant tumor (TSHPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (ce) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | The excessive secretion lead to hyperthyroidism, thyroid hormone increases | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical application: elevated TSH FT3 / higher FT4 confirmed; Postoperative TSH normal tip to cure | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | To eliminate thyroid hormone resistance syndrome | ||||
| Biomarker | MMP1 | Full name | Matrix metalloproteinase-1 | Molecular Type | protein |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Invasive diagnostic |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Non functional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum secrete body (ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Promote the extracellular matrix degradation, enhance tumor invasion | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical validation: invasive NFPA high expression, positively related to the cavernous sinus invasion | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Is a secondary index in evaluating operation difficulty | ||||
| Biomarker | miR-1180-3p | Full name | microRNA-1180-3p | Molecular Type | Small RNA (miRNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Early diagnosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Non functional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum secrete body (RT - qPCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Regulation of MAPK pathway to promote tumorigenesis | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | In clinical exploration: NFPA patients had high expression in exosomes, and the AUC of early diagnosis was 0.81 | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Can joint miR - 486-5 p increases the sensitivity | ||||
| Biomarker | CDKN2A | Full name | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A gene | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (DNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis, risk stratification |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Non functional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization (methylation sequencing, IHC) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Coding, p16 protein methylation result in cell cycle control | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical application: 70% NFPA methylation, positively related to the tumor invasive, the recurrence rate | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | It is a key indicator for screening high-risk NFPA | ||||
| Biomarker | MEG3 | Full name | Maternally expressed gene 3 (long non-coding RNA) | Molecular Type | Long chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis and Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Non functional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization/serum (RT - qPCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Tumor suppressor genes, through the p53 pathway inhibition of tumor | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical validation: NFPA by methylation in silence, to express strong hint invasive | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Serum MEG3 detection is expected to become a noninvasive markers | ||||
| Biomarker | Ki-67 | Full name | Ki-67 antigen | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Grading, prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Nonfunctional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization (immunohistochemical IHC, digital pathology analysis) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Reflect cell proliferation activity | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical gold standard: the WHO classification core index (Ki - 67 < 3% as low risk, 3% for high-risk or higher); Associated with the risk of recurrence is strong | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Digital pathology analysis can reduce detecting mutation | ||||
| Biomarker | miR-182-5p | Full name | microRNA-182-5p | Molecular Type | Small RNA (miRNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, differential diagnosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Pituitary Adenoma | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (RT-qPCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Regulate hormone secretion related gene expression | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical exploration: ACTHPA high expression, identify ACTHPA and AUC 0.87 adrenal cortical adenoma | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Combined with miR-16-5p can improve the specificity of ACTHPA | ||||
| Biomarker | USP48/BRAF | Full name | USP48 / BRAF gene mutation | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (DNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Adrenocorticotropic hormone adenoma (ACTHPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization (NGS) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Activation of MAPK USP48 mutations, mutated BRAF V600E promote POMC expression | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical validation: USP8 wild-type ACTHPA mutation rate in the 23% / 16% respectively, and the associated with invasive | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Provide new targets for targeted therapy | ||||
| Biomarker | USP8 | Full name | Ubiquitin specific peptidase 8 gene mutation | Molecular Type | / |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis and treatment of prediction |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Adrenocorticotropic hormone adenoma (ACTHPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization (NGS, Sanger sequencing) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Coding to ubiquitin enzyme, EGFR mutations can lead to degradation of reduced | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical application: 62.4% ACTHPA mutations, TuBianZhe tumor smaller, the higher response rate | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Predictable paranal peptide treatment response | ||||
| Biomarker | ACTH | Full name | Adrenocorticotropic hormone | Molecular Type | Hormones |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Macromolecule |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Adrenocorticotropic hormone adenoma (ACTHPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Blood serum/rock under sinus (immune analysis, IPSS) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Excessive secretion lead to Cushing disease, causing elevated cortisol | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical routine application: cortisol levels and dexamethasone suppression test confirmed; Source rock under sinus blood ACTH gradient detection can locate | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Cushing disease and to identify the core of ectopic ACTH syndrome | ||||
| Biomarker | circ_0001368 | Full name | Circular RNA 0001368 | Molecular Type | Circular RNA (circRNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, prognosis, |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Growth hormone adenoma (GHPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization (RT - qPCR, NGS) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Control Pit - 1 expression that promotes GH secretion and tumor proliferation | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study phase: GHPA high expression, diagnosis of AUC 0.85, positively related to the tumor grade | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Ring structure stability, is expected to become new markers | ||||
| Biomarker | miR-423-5p | Full name | microRNA-423-5p | Molecular Type | Small RNA (miRNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis and monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Growth hormone adenoma (GHPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (RT - qPCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Targeting inhibition of PTTG1 expression, inhibition of tumor proliferation | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical validation: GHPA cut, expressed in postoperative returned to normal, can monitor recurrence | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Outside the secrete body miR - 423-5 p detection noninvasive and convenient | ||||
| Biomarker | AIP | Full name | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein gene mutation | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (DNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Susceptibility and prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Growth hormone adenoma (GHPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Whole blood/tissue (NGS, IHC) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Mutations in tumor suppressor genes, cell proliferation is out of control | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical application: familial GHPA mutation rate 50%, TuBianZhe tumor invasive bigger, stronger, SSA resistant high risk | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Young patients screening core index | ||||
| Biomarker | GNAS | Full name | GNAS gene mutation | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (DNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Macromolecule | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Classification, treatment prediction |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Pituitary Adenoma | Disease Subtypes | Growth hormone adenoma (GHPA) | ||
| Organ | Pituitary | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Organization (NGS, Sanger sequencing) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Encoding the Gsα protein, mutations activate the cAMP pathway | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical application: 40% sporadic GHPA mutations, TuBianZhe of somatostatin analogues (SSA) response is better | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | With AIP mutations mutexes, can guide individualized treatment | ||||