| Biomarker | AEA | Full name | Anandamide | Molecular Type | Lipid (Endocannabinoid) |
| Molecular Formula | C22H37NO2 | Molecular Weight | 347.53 g/mol | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Subtype Differentiation |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Depression | Disease Subtypes | MDD with Anxiety Comorbidity | ||
| Organ | Brain | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma/Serum (Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry LC-MS/MS) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Endocannabinoid system dysfunction; decreased AEA levels weaken the stress-buffering effect and exacerbate anxiety-depression comorbidity symptoms. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research Stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms; moderate-intensity exercise (e.g., 30-minute cycling) can upregulate its levels to improve mood. | ||||
| Biomarker | pro-BDNF | Full name | Pro-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis, Disease Monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Depression | Disease Subtypes | Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Suicidal Depression | ||
| Organ | Brain | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma (ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | An increased pro-BDNF/BDNF ratio inhibits neuroregeneration and promotes neuronal apoptosis through the p75NTR receptor. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research Validation Stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Positively correlated with suicidal ideation (ratio >1.5 indicates high risk); a decreased ratio after treatment suggests a good prognosis. | ||||
| Biomarker | 5-HT | Full name | Serotonin | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | C10H12N2O | Molecular Weight | 76.21 g/mol | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Etiological Confirmation |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Depression | Disease Subtypes | Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Suicidal Depression | ||
| Organ | Brain | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum/Cerebrospinal Fluid (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC, Mass Spectrometry) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Decreased serotonin concentration in the synaptic cleft affects the emotional regulation pathway of the limbic system-prefrontal cortex. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research Stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) exert efficacy by increasing its levels; cerebrospinal fluid 5-HT is negatively correlated with depression-related suicide risk. | ||||
| Biomarker | IL-10 | Full name | Interleukin 10 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | C153H238N40O47 | Molecular Weight | 3430.82 g/mol | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis, Disease Monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Depression | Disease Subtypes | Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Responsive Depression | ||
| Organ | Brain | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma (ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Insufficient anti-inflammatory factors lead to neuroinflammatory imbalance, unable to antagonize the neurotoxic effects of IL-6/TNF-α. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | RResearch Stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | IL-10 levels increase more than 2-fold in patients with effective antidepressant treatment, serving as a treatment response biomarker. | ||||
| Biomarker | TNF-α | Full name | Tumor Necrosis Factor α | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | C157H251N43O46S2 | Molecular Weight | 3418.07 g/mol | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Depression | Disease Subtypes | Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD), Chronic Depression | ||
| Organ | Brain | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (ELISA, Luminex) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Pro-inflammatory response disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity, induces astrocyte activation, and reduces presynaptic serotonin release. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Under Clinical Validation | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Levels are significantly elevated in treatment-resistant depression patients (>8pg/mL); anti-TNF-α therapy (e.g., etanercept) can improve depressive symptoms. | ||||
| Biomarker | ACTH | Full name | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone | Molecular Type | Hormone |
| Molecular Formula | C131H209N43O31S | Molecular Weight | 2933.38 g/mol | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Etiological Confirmation |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Depression | Disease Subtypes | Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), HPA Axis Abnormal Depression | ||
| Organ | Brain | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma (Chemiluminescence Immunoassay) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | HPA axis negative feedback regulation dysfunction; excessive secretion inhibits hippocampal neuronal proliferation and reduces glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinically Available | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Abnormal morning cortisol peak (>25μg/dL) indicates HPA axis dysfunction, and can monitor SSRI treatment response. | ||||
| Biomarker | Cortisol | Full name | Cortisol | Molecular Type | Hormone |
| Molecular Formula | C21H30O5 | Molecular Weight | 362.46 g/mol | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Disease Monitoring, Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Depression | Disease Subtypes | Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Stress-Induced Depression | ||
| Organ | Brain | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Saliva/Plasma (Chemiluminescence Immunoassay, Radioimmunoassay) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | HPA axis negative feedback regulation dysfunction; excessive secretion inhibits hippocampal neuronal proliferation and reduces glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinically Available | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Abnormal morning cortisol peak (>25μg/dL) indicates HPA axis dysfunction, and can monitor SSRI treatment response. | ||||
| Biomarker | IL-6 | Full name | Interleukin 6 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Depression | Disease Subtypes | Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) | ||
| Organ | Brain | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma/Serum (ELISA, Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Pro-inflammatory factor activates brain microglia, inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis, and promotes tryptophan metabolism toward the neurotoxic kynurenine pathway. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Under Clinical Validation | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Synergizes with excessive HPA axis activation; combined with BDNF detection can improve the diagnostic accuracy to 82%. | ||||
| Biomarker | CRP | Full name | C-Reactive Protein | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Depression | Disease Subtypes | Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Chronic Depression | ||
| Organ | Brain | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Whole Blood (Immunoturbidimetry, Latex-Enhanced Immunoassay) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Systemic inflammation activation exacerbates central neuroinflammation through the blood-brain barrier, interfering with monoamine neurotransmitter balance. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinically Available | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Positively correlated with depression severity (patients with BDI score >20 often have CRP >3mg/L), and can predict recurrence risk within 1 year. | ||||
| Biomarker | BDNF | Full name | Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Prognosis, Disease Monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Depression | Disease Subtypes | Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) | ||
| Organ | Brain | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma/Serum (ELISA, Luminex) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Neuroplasticity decreases, neuronal survival/differentiation are impaired, synaptic dysfunction occurs, and levels can be upregulated after antidepressant treatment. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Under Clinical Validation | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Levels are significantly decreased in treatment-resistant depression patients, positively correlated with serotonergic system activity. | ||||
| Biomarker | PD-L1 | Full name | Programmed Death-Ligand 1 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prediction, Pharmacodynamics/Response |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Meningioma | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Brain, Meninges | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tumor Tissue (Immunohistochemistry) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | An immune checkpoint molecule that inhibits the anti-tumor activity of T cells. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research Stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Patients with high expression may be sensitive to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and related clinical trials are ongoing. | ||||
| Biomarker | ApoE | Full name | ApoE (Gene Polymorphism) | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prognosis, Risk Stratification |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Meningioma | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Brain, Meninges | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma/Tumor Tissue (ELISA, Gene Sequencing) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | The ApoE4 subtype regulates lipid metabolism and enhances tumor invasiveness. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research Stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Related to the tumor immune microenvironment; ApoE mimetic peptides can improve immunotherapy efficacy. | ||||
| Biomarker | EVs-cfDNA | Full name | Extracellular Vesicles (EVs)-cfDNA | Molecular Type | Nucleic Acid (DNA) |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Meningioma | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Brain, Meninges | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma (NGS, qPCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Carries tumor gene mutations, reflecting tumor burden and dynamic changes. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research Stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | A core biomarker for liquid biopsy, enabling non-invasive dynamic monitoring of recurrence. | ||||
| Biomarker | LINC00460 | Full name | Long Non-Coding RNA LINC00460 | Molecular Type | Long Non-Coding RNA |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Meningioma | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Brain, Meninges | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tumor Tissue/Plasma (qRT-PCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Adsorbs miR-539, upregulates MMP-9, and promotes tumor invasion. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research Stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Patients with high expression have an increased metastasis risk; silencing can inhibit tumor proliferation. | ||||
| Biomarker | miR-219-5p | Full name | MicroRNA-219-5p | Molecular Type | MicroRNA |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Monitoring |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Meningioma | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Brain, Meninges | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma/Cerebrospinal Fluid (qRT-PCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Targets tumor suppressor genes; downregulated expression is associated with tumor progression. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research Stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Serum levels are positively correlated with tumor grade, and can be used as a non-invasive monitoring biomarker. | ||||
| Biomarker | MGMT Promoter Meth | Full name | DNA Methylation (MGMT Promoter) | Molecular Type | DNA Methylation |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Prediction, Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Meningioma | Disease Subtypes | WHO Grade II/III, Malignant Subtype | ||
| Organ | Brain, Meninges | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tumor Tissue (MSP, Pyrosequencing) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Methylation silences the MGMT gene, enhances temozolomide chemotherapy sensitivity. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research Validation Stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | The chemotherapy response rate is improved in methylation-positive patients, which can guide individualized treatment. | ||||