| Biomarker | 1p/19q Co-Deletion | Full name | 1p/19q Co-Deletion | Molecular Type | Chromosomal Abnormality |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Meningioma | Disease Subtypes | WHO Grade I/II, Low-Grade Subtype | ||
| Organ | Brain, Meninges | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tumor Tissue (FISH, CGH) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Chromosomal fragment deletion, associated with oligodendrocyte differentiation, rare in meningiomas. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research Validation Stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Mostly found in low-grade cases, indicating increased sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. | ||||
| Biomarker | BAP1 Mut | Full name | BAP1 Gene Mutation | Molecular Type | Gene Mutation |
| Molecular Formula | / | Molecular Weight | / | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Prognosis |
| Disease(or Constitution) | Meningioma | Disease Subtypes | WHO Grade III, Rhabdoid Subtype | ||
| Organ | Brain, Meninges | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Tumor Tissue (NGS, Immunohistochemistry) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Regulates DNA damage repair; mutations lead to a malignant phenotype and are associated with rhabdoid subtypes. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Research Validation Stage | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | A specific biomarker for WHO Grade III meningiomas, with a significantly increased recurrence risk. | ||||
| Biomarker | BTA | Full name | Bladder Tumor Antigen | Molecular Type | Protein (tumor-associated antigen) |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis (high-risk detectio | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Bladder Cancer (BC) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Bladder | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine (BTA stat & BTA TRAK kits) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Detects tumor-associated antigens in urine; strong detection capability for intermediate- to high-risk bladder cancer | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Commercial kits widely used for primary screening in intermediate-/high-risk cohorts | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Susceptible to false positives due to UTI or urolithiasis; requires confirmatory combined assays | ||||
| Biomarker | CKD273/AKI204 | Full name | Chronic Kidney Disease 273 urinary peptide biomarker panel / Acute Kidney Injury 204 urinary peptide biomarker panel | Molecular Type | Peptide combination |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Risk stratification and prognosis prediction | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine ( Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry ) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | It contains 273 / 204 urinary peptides such as collagen fragments, reflecting renal tubular stress and fibrosis tendency. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study test | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Predict AKI and mortality in trauma patients, and support personalized risk stratification | ||||
| Biomarker | CHI3L1/YKL-40 | Full name | Galectin-3 binding protein | Molecular Type | Glycoprotein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Microorganism、Systemic inflammation monitoring | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma（ELISA） | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Macrophages are released after activation, reflecting systemic inflammatory load and endothelial injury | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study test | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Combined with suPAR, it can improve the accuracy of prognosis evaluation of sepsis / trauma-related AKI. | ||||
| Biomarker | suPAR | Full name | Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Microorganism、Systemic inflammation association | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma（ELISA） | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Release after immune activation, reflecting chronic immune disorders, suggesting susceptibility to AKI | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Study test | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | The high level of preoperative prediction of postoperative AKI is related to the prognosis of sepsis-related AKI. | ||||
| Biomarker | UNa / FEK | Full name | Urinary sodium/ fractional excretion of potassium | Molecular Type | Electrolyte / function index |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Early warning, microcirculation stress assessment | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) | Disease Subtypes | / | ||
| Organ | Kidney | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Urine（Electrolyte detection, biochemical calculation） | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | The decrease of UNa reflects renal microcirculation stress, and the increase of FEK indicates early renal tubular injury. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical routine use ( functional evaluation ) | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | UNa decreased 1-2 days before AKI.FEK was not affected by diuretics and was more sensitive than fractional excretion of sodium ( FENa ). | ||||
| Biomarker | Albumin | Full name | Albumin | Molecular Type | Protein (proteins synthesized by the liver) |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Assessment of liver function, prognosis, and severity of the disease | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Liver Cirrhosis | Disease Subtypes | Compensated, Decompensated | ||
| Organ | Liver | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (biochemical analyzer, by immunoturbidimetric assay, bromocresol green assay, etc.) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Albumin is synthesized by hepatocytes and is the core index reflecting the synthetic function of the liver. In liver cirrhosis, there is extensive degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, the structure of liver lobules is destroyed, and the ability to synthesize albumin continues to decline. At the same time, liver cirrhosis is often accompanied by portal hypertension caused by vascular bed dilatation and insufficient effective circulating blood volume, which leads to increased renal reabsorption of water and sodium, and the dilution of plasma albumin, which further leads to the decrease of serum albumin level. Its level is directly related to liver cirrhosis Child - Pugh, classification, the lower the level of tip liver function reserve. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical routine use: as the core of cirrhosis of the liver function evaluation, classification and prognosis judgement markers, be incorporated into the Child - Pugh, scoring system such as international general guidelines, clinical application of mature. | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Albumin is the most intuitive and commonly used indicator to evaluate the liver synthetic function in patients with cirrhosis. It is easy to operate, low-cost and stable, and can effectively reflect the liver function reserve. However, it should be noted that non-hepatic factors such as malnutrition, severe infection, and kidney disease may also lead to decreased albumin, and clinical interpretation should be combined with the patient's overall condition to exclude interference. | ||||
| Biomarker | Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) | Full name | Cell-free DNA | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (DNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis and monitoring | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Liver Cirrhosis | Disease Subtypes | Compensated, Decompensated | ||
| Organ | Liver | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Plasma (next generation sequencing, digital PCR) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | In liver tissue damage when released into the blood, reflecting the liver cell apoptosis and liver tissue damage degree. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Frontier research: Elevated levels in patients with cirrhosis and associated with disease severity and risk of complications. | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | It has the advantage of non-invasive, and can be used for real-time monitoring of liver tissue damage and repair in patients with liver cirrhosis. | ||||
| Biomarker | Microrna (miR-21, miR-29, miR-122, etc.) | Full name | MicroRNAs (e.g., miR-21, miR-29a/b/c, miR-122) | Molecular Type | Nucleic acid (RNA) |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis and prognosis | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Liver Cirrhosis | Disease Subtypes | Compensated, Decompensated | ||
| Organ | Liver | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum/plasma (qRT-PCR, sequencing technology) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | miR-21 promotes the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Down-regulation of miR-29 leads to excessive synthesis of collagen. miR-122 is involved in the regulation of hepatocyte injury and fibrosis. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Validation: several studies have confirmed that the abnormal expression in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, has potential diagnostic and prognostic value. | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | Different cause of cirrhosis in the tiny RNA expression patterns vary, specific diagnostic markers, is expected to be the cause. | ||||
| Biomarker | Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) | Full name | Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 | Molecular Type | protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Prognosis | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Liver Cirrhosis | Disease Subtypes | Compensated, Decompensated | ||
| Organ | Liver | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity leads to decreased collagen degradation and promotes ECM deposition. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical exploration: Levels are elevated in patients with cirrhosis and positively correlated with the degree of fibrosis. | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | It can be used as an auxiliary indicator for the prognosis evaluation of liver cirrhosis, and the continuous increase of its level indicates an increased risk of disease progression. | ||||
| Biomarker | Procollagen type III N-terminal peptide (PIIINP) | Full name | N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen | Molecular Type | Proteins |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis and surveillance | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Liver Cirrhosis | Disease Subtypes | Compensated, Decompensated | ||
| Organ | Liver | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (radioimmunoassay, ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | It reflects the synthesis of type III collagen and its release is increased in liver fibrosis, which is associated with the progression of cirrhosis. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical application: to evaluate the activity of liver cirrhosis, and response to treatment is one of the commonly used serum liver fibrosis markers. | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | In the early liver fibrosis can be increased and can be used for liver cirrhosis early screening and monitoring. | ||||
| Biomarker | Hyaluronic acid (HA) | Full name | Hyaluronan | Molecular Type | Glycosaminoglycans |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Monitoring | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Liver Cirrhosis | Disease Subtypes | Compensated, Decompensated | ||
| Organ | Liver | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (radioimmunoassay, ELISA, etc.) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Hepatic stellate cell synthesis increase when the liver fibrosis, reflect the degree of liver fibrosis and liver sinus endothelial cell function. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Commonly used in clinic: it has been incorporated into some non-invasive scoring systems for the auxiliary diagnosis and progression monitoring of liver cirrhosis. | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | The diagnostic specificity is limited when used alone, and it is often used in combination with other markers to improve accuracy. | ||||
| Biomarker | sCD163 | Full name | Soluble CD163 | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Monitoring, prognosis | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Liver Cirrhosis | Disease Subtypes | Compensated, Decompensated | ||
| Organ | Liver | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (immunoassay) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Macrophage activation markers reflect the degree of liver inflammation and fibrosis progression. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Clinical research: elevated levels in alcoholic liver cirrhosis, viral liver cirrhosis, is associated with the severity of disease. | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | It can be used to evaluate inflammation control and prognosis stratification in patients with liver cirrhosis. | ||||
| Biomarker | VICM | Full name | MMP-generated citrullinated vimentin fragment | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Monitoring, prognosis | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Liver Cirrhosis | Disease Subtypes | Compensated, Decompensated | ||
| Organ | Liver | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (specific antigen detection) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | Citrullinated vimentin is the product of MMP degradation, which reflects the activation of macrophages. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Studies verified that it was elevated in viral hepatitis and MASLD-related cirrhosis, and correlated with liver fibrosis activity. | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | It can be used as a monitoring index of inflammation activity in patients with liver cirrhosis and to predict treatment response. | ||||
| Biomarker | C4M | Full name | MMP-generated neoepitope of type IV collagen | Molecular Type | Protein |
| Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight | Core Functional Dimensions | Diagnosis, Monitoring | ||
| Disease(or Constitution) | Liver Cirrhosis | Disease Subtypes | Compensated, Decompensated | ||
| Organ | Liver | Test Sample / Technology Platform | Serum (ELISA) | ||
| Pathobiological Mechanisms | It reflects that type IV collagen is degraded by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and is associated with the progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis. | ||||
| Clinical Availability Status | Studies have verified that the level of serum is increased in chronic hepatitis-related cirrhosis, which can reflect the state of liver tissue damage and repair. | ||||
| Notes and Dynamics | It is correlated with systemic inflammatory markers and can be used to evaluate the dynamic damage process of liver tissue in patients with liver cirrhosis. | ||||